Graphic design: Whats going on in this design?

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1. What are trends? Why is it important to identify them prior to graphic design?
A trend is something that is popular for that time period. It is important to identify trends because that means you know what your audience likes, which would make your advertisement for appealing.
2. How does human nature play a role in how a product is marketed to a specific demographic group? When marketing in a certain area that is populated by a certain kind of person it is good to know what they are interested in and not interested in, by knowing that it will be much easier to pull your audience in with whatever your trying to sell or advertise.

3. How is a potential audience identified? I think an audience is identified through their ethnic group and their "trends".
4. What must you discover about the target audience prior to graphic design?
Prior to graphic design you must discover the kinds of things this audience is interested in, their age, and know when certain people buy certain things throughout the year.